Agonists
The Largest Collection of TLR Agonists from InvivoGen
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize a wide variety of ligands,
called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),
discriminating gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from fungi
and other pathogens. InvivoGen offers the most comprehensive choice
of ligands known to activate specific TLRs, that can serve as
controls in genetic and pharmaceutical studies on TLRs. InvivoGen
strives to provide TLR ligands of the highest quality. All ligands
are tested for induction on TLRs and endotoxin levels.
TLR ligands are provided individually or as TLR Agonist
kits.
TLR2 Ligands
TLR2 is involved in the recognition of a wide array of microbial
molecules representing broad groups of species such as
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycoplasma and
yeast.
TLR3 Ligands
TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular pattern
associated with viral infection. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid
(poly(I:C)), a synthetic analog of dsRNA, is the ligand of choice
for TLR3.
TLR4 Ligands
TLR4 is the receptor for Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
and lipid A, its toxic moiety. InvivoGen offers LPS from various
bacteria and monophosphoryl lipid A.
TLR5 Ligands
TLR5 recognizes flagellin, the major component of the bacterial
flagellar filament, from both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. InvivoGen
provides flagellin purified from B.subtilis (Gram+) and
S.typhimurium (Gram-) bacteria and a new recombinant form.
TLR7/8 Ligands
TLR7 and TLR8 are involved in the response to viral infection.
They recognize GU-rich short single-stranded RNA as well as small
synthetic molecules such as imidazoquinolines and nucleoside
analogues.
TLR9 Ligands
TLR9 recognizes specific unmethylated CpG-ODN sequences that
distinguish microbial DNA from mammalian DNA. Three types of
stimulatory ODNs have been described: type A, B and C. InvivoGen
also provides inhibitory ODNs as well as control ODNs.
Labeled TLR Ligands
Labeled ligands are useful to study their cellular uptake and
localization. InvivoGen offers CpG-ODNs that are labeled with FITC
at their 3' terminus and E.coli lipopolysaccharide labeled with
biotin.
NOD Ligands
NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular pathogen-recognition molecules
that sense bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN). InvivoGen provides
insoluble and soluble PGNs from Gram- and Gram+ bacteria and
bioactive fragments of PGN such as iE-DAP and MDP.
IFN Inducer
Double-stranded B DNA is a very potent inducer of type I
interferons that is obtained by complexing the synthetic
double-stranded DNA, poly(dAdT)•poly(dT-dA), with cationic
lipids.
NF-κB Activators
InvivoGen provides two known activators of the transcription
factor NF-κB: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Phorbol
Myristate Acetate (PMA).
TLR Agonist kits
The TLR agonist kits represent convenient and economical tools
to study the stimulation of the TLRs. Each kit contains several
known agonists for a given TLR and allows to perform 100 tests (100
µl in a 96-well plate).
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