Antagonists

Toll-Like Receptors share common structures and signaling that leads to NF-κB activation. However, recent data suggest that NF-κB activation may not be uniform and that distinct TLR-ligand associations may trigger multiple pathways. InvivoGen provides a number of tools that should prove useful to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in TLR signaling.

TLR antagonists

Some TLR ligands bind to the TLRs but unlike agonists they block the signaling cascade. Such molecules are known for TLR9.

Dominant negative TLRs

InvivoGen has engineered TLR genes deleted for the TIR domain (TLR-TIR) that act as dominant negatives. Human and mouse TLR-TIR genes are available in an expression vector called pZERO-TLR.

TLR and TLR-related shRNAs

Using the siRNA Wizard software, InvivoGen has designed and cloned sequences that code for short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that functionally silence a number of TLR and TLR-related genes. These shRNAs are available as ready-made psiRNA plasmids.

Inhibitors of TLR signaling

Inhibitors of TLR signaling are molecules that intervene in the different steps of the TLR activation and signaling cascade, including TLR binding, TLR relocalization and MAP kinases and transcription factors activation.

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